Background: Maxillary sinus mucocele is a rare form of mucocele and are usually under diagnosed due to its vague symptomatic presentation. It is caused by obstruction of the natural ostium and accumulation of secretions inside the sinus cavities. It is a locally expansile lesion and symptoms are due to pressure on surrounding structures. Case Presentation: A 45-year-old female patient presented with swelling on the left side of the face for 6 months with left infra orbital pain. On examination the swelling was diffuse in the left side of cheek. CT scan showed a homogenous opacity completely filling the maxillary sinus with expansion of the walls which helped in diagnosing the condition. Endoscopic marsupialisation was done and the patient is under follow-up for more than a year with no recurrence. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus mucocele is an epithelium lined sac filled with mucous secretions. They are expansile and can cause bony erosion of surrounding anatomical structures. It is mainly differentiated radiologically by the presence of air in the sinus cavity. CT scan shows homogenous opacity completely filling the antrum with no air shadow. The walls may be thickened or thinned out. Endoscopic marsupialisation of the mucocele gives excellent results with minimal recurrence. Maxillary mucocele being a rare benign cystic lesion is mostly under diagnosed. Hence, proper clinical examination and radiological evaluation help in early diagnosis. Appropriate surgical management gives a good success rate with nil recurrence.

Background & Aim: One of the basic assumptions in simple linear regression models is the statistical independence of observations. Sometimes this assumption is not true for study subject and consequently the use of general regression models may not be appropriate. In this case, one of the leading methods is the use of multilevel models. The present study utilizes multivariate logistic regression model using a multilevel model to exhibit the chance of having elbow, wrist and knee disorders over the past year based on elbow, wrist and disorders during the past week. Methods & Materials: This study is a cross-sectional study that was carried out from April 2015 to May 2016 in Mobarakeh Steel Company, Isfahan. The study population includes 300 male employees of Mobarakeh Steel Company, with a mean age of 41. 40± 8. 17 years and an average working experience of 16. 0± 7. 66 years. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 24) and MLwiN software. Results: Based on this study, results obtained from single variable and multivariable regression were different. Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be suggested that multivariable regression cause a better and more accurate deduction compared to single variable method.

Purpose: Visual loss associated with multiple traumas in the context of road traffic accident, especially when the maxillofacial and orbital areas are not directly injured, is an uncommon occurrence. The possibility of Purtscher's retinopathy, i.e. retinal manifestation of mechanical trauma elsewhere in the body, as the cause of visual disturbance in these situations can often be overlooked.Patients & Methods: We present three cases of Purtscher's retinopathy where the diagnosis was initially missed. All three patients presented to Accident and Emergency department with visual loss in the left eyes, having sustained compressive chest and/or abdominal injuries in road traffic accidents. None had direct trauma to the orbital region. Serial color fundus photographs, fluoresce in angiogram, Goldman visual fields, and electro diagnostic tests were performed on each patient, with a mean follow-up of 8.3 months (Range 6 to 10 months). The correct diagnosis of Purtscher's retinopathy was made retrospectively in all three cases. Two patients had persistent central scotoma despite complete resolution of the retinal signs.Conclusion: Purtscher's retinopathy should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all cases of unexplained visual loss associated with multiple traumas. The retinal manifestations of Purtscher's retinopathy can disappear in a short time interval. A retrospective diagnosis may be difficult in the absence of any fundal abnormalities if the diagnosis is initially missed on presentation.